Problema Solution
find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y=x^3 - 3x + 4 that is perpendicular to the line 3x-y =4
Answer provided by our tutors
Two perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other. Another way to say that is the product of their slopes is -1. So what is the slope of the first line? Solve for y and the co-efficient of x is the slope.
3x - y = 4
-y = 4 - 3x
y = 3x - 4
The slope of the line is 3. Therefore the slope of the tangent line will be -1/3.
y = x^3 - 3x - 4
To determine the slope of the tangent line, take the derivative. We really just need the power rule.
dy/dx = 3x^2 - 3
So where does the slope of the tangent line equal -1/3?
-1/3 = 3x^2 - 3
Multiply everything by 3 to get rid of the fraction.
-1 = 9x^2 - 9
9x^2 - 9 + 1 = 0
9x^2 - 8 = 0
x^2 = 8/9
x = +- sqrt(8) / 3 = +- 2sqrt(2) / 3 ~= 0.9428
Put those x-values into the equation of the curve to get
y = (+sqrt(8) / 3)^3 - 3(+sqrt(8) / 3) - 4
y = 16sqrt(2) / 27 - 2sqrt(2) - 4
y = (16/27 - 2)sqrt(2) - 4
y = (-38 / 27)sqrt(2) - 4
y ~= -5.990
y = (-sqrt(8) / 3)^3 - 3(-sqrt(8) / 3) - 4
y = -16sqrt(2) / 27 + 2sqrt(2) - 4
y = (-16/27 + 2)sqrt(2) - 4
y = (38 / 27)sqrt(2) - 4
y ~= -2.010
So the points on the curve are (+sqrt(8)/3, (-38 / 27)sqrt(2) - 4) and (-sqrt(8)/3, (38 / 27)sqrt(2) - 4) . To find the equation, use the point-slope form of the equation of a line.
y - y1 = m(x - x1), where (x1, y1) is a point on the line.
Just fill in for each point in (x1, y1) and simplify to solve.